【軍傳媒／軍事科技】近年各地發生的地緣衝突中，不管是戰場裝備防護與關鍵基礎設施防護實例都顯示，無人機威脅已從零星滋擾，快速演變為跨軍民領域的常態化威脅。無人機之所以成為現代戰場上的關鍵工具，並非單一技術突破所致，而是其在成本、戰場適應性、存活性、可取得性、容易操作性取得完美的平衡。這使得無人機不再專屬於正規軍隊，而是能夠被各類行為者使用，包括代理勢力、非國家組織甚至個人作為武器使用，也使得無人機的威脅成為世界的課題。
美伊戰爭顯示，對防禦方而言，真正的問題並不在於是否具備擊落能力，而在於如何在極短時間內識別威脅、做出判斷並選擇適當手段應對。當威脅從單一目標轉變為多來源、多型態且持續出現時，傳統防空體系的運作邏輯便開始顯露其侷限。當鋪路爪雷達及薩德雷達被擊毀後，美軍慌了手腳，對所有威脅無差別攔截，造成防空攔截飛彈大幅消耗，不得不從韓國抽調。BAE Systems近日公開的BATS，也就是 BAE Systems Anti Threat System（BAE Systems反威脅系統），正是針對這種局面提出的一種新型反制思路。
BATS最值得外界注意的地方，不是它宣稱要「再發明」某種全新攔截武器，而是它試圖把既有與未來可取得的感測器、資料鏈、電子戰設備與動能效應器，放進同一套可擴充的系統架構中。BATS這套系統自2025年10月啟動研製，是一套 software-defined C-UxS solution，也就是以軟體定義的反無人／反無人系統解決方案；其核心在於指揮管制與決策支援，結合電子戰與硬殺手段BAE Systems 推出的BATS（BAE Systems Anti Threat System），代表了一種不同於傳統武器系統的設計思維。與其開發單一性能更強的攔截裝備，BATS選擇從整體架構著手，將反無人機問題視為一個「資訊整合與決策優化」的系統工程。
根據官方資料，BATS的核心在於一個安全且具韌性的資料核心（data core），所有感測器資料都會被匯入此處進行分析與整合 。這意味著系統不再依賴單一來源，而是透過多感測器融合，建立一個更完整且可信的戰場圖像。雷達負責廣域搜索，光電系統提供目標辨識，聲學與被動RF則補足低可觀測目標的偵測能力。
在這個基礎上，BATS導入人工智慧與自動化決策支援功能。系統能夠在極短時間內完成目標分類與威脅評估，並提出最適合的應對建議。這不僅縮短了反應時間，也減輕了操作人員在高壓環境下的認知負擔。值得注意的是，系統仍保留「人類在迴圈中」（human-in-the-loop）的設計，確保最終決策符合戰術與法律規範。
有了感測跟決策能力，再來就是反制手段。BATS並不侷限於單一反制手段。它整合了包括電子干擾、衛星導航欺騙以及實體攔截等反制方式，系統會根據威脅性質與環境條件，選擇最適合且成本最低的方式進行應對。這種分層防禦概念，使防禦方能在面對大量低成本威脅時，仍維持資源的有效運用 。
此外，BATS採用開放式架構設計，可與現有防空系統與指揮網路整合。這使其不僅能作為獨立系統部署，也能嵌入既有防禦體系中運作。其模組化特性亦允許依據任務需求進行快速調整，無論是固定設施防護、機動部隊支援或海外遠征行動，都能靈活應用
這樣的設計方向，非常符合近兩年反無人機作戰的實際教訓。從烏克蘭戰場到中東基地防護，威脅已不再只是高空慢速、特徵明顯的單架無人機，而是混合了商規改裝機、FPV攻擊機、低空小型群蜂、誘餌機與不同資料鏈模式的複合型威脅。BAE Systems在其相關說明中把這種情況稱為 hybrid UAS 的崛起，強調新型無人威脅的行為模式、載荷與戰術幾乎在持續快速變化。若防禦端仍然仰賴單一攔截器或固定流程，很容易出現「看得到、來不及判斷；判斷得出、成本過高；打得下、卻不划算」的困境。
從軍事專業角度看，BATS若要真正形成戰力，至少要在四個層面證明自己。第一是感測器融合能力是否足以對付低空、低速、小型、低雷達反射截面的目標，尤其是在城市、機場、港區與基地這類背景雜訊極高的環境。第二是分類與決策支援邏輯，能否在不誤擊友軍、民用機具或非威脅飛行物的前提下，快速提出可靠建議。第三是電子戰與動能手段的協同，能否在GPS受干擾、頻譜複雜或資料鏈跳頻的狀況下仍有效。第四則是與既有防空或基地防護系統的整合難度，這也是開放架構是否真的有價值的試金石。
現階段BATS仍處於測試與試射前階段，外界尚未看到完整實測數據，尤其是對抗多目標、低空遮蔽、電磁環境複雜條件下的表現。但BATS的重要性不在於它是否立刻成為某款明星武器，而在於它代表了反無人機防禦的一個更現實方向：用可更新的軟體核心，去整合可替換的感測器與可分層運用的效應器，讓防禦方不必再以單一昂貴攔截器面對所有廉價空中威脅。若BAE Systems後續測試順利，BATS可能不只是英國企業的一項新產品，而會成為歐洲乃至其他市場在基地防護、機場防護與關鍵設施反無人機領域的重要參考樣板。
No Longer Relying Solely on Expensive Missile Interceptors: How BAE Systems’ BATS Is Reshaping Counter-Drone Defense
Recent geopolitical conflicts have shown that drone threats have rapidly evolved from occasional harassment into a persistent challenge across both military and civilian domains. Drones have become a key tool on the modern battlefield not because of a single technological breakthrough, but due to their balance of low cost, adaptability, survivability, accessibility, and ease of operation. This has enabled not only state militaries but also proxy forces, non-state actors, and even individuals to employ drones as weapons, making them a global security concern.
Recent conflicts highlight that the real challenge for defenders is not simply the ability to shoot down drones, but how to quickly detect, identify, and respond appropriately. As threats shift from single targets to multi-source, multi-type, and continuous attacks, traditional air defense systems reveal their limitations. Under such conditions, indiscriminate interception can lead to rapid depletion of expensive missiles. BAE Systems’ BATS (BAE Systems Anti-Threat System) is designed as a new approach to address this challenge.
Rather than creating a new interceptor, BATS integrates existing and future sensors, data links, electronic warfare systems, and kinetic effectors into a scalable architecture. Developed from October 2025, it is a software-defined counter-UxS solution focused on command, control, and decision support, combining both soft-kill and hard-kill capabilities.
At its core is a secure and resilient data core where all sensor inputs are fused to create a comprehensive operational picture. Radar provides wide-area surveillance, electro-optical systems enable identification, while acoustic and passive RF sensors improve detection of low-signature targets.
Built on this foundation, BATS employs artificial intelligence and automated decision support to rapidly classify threats and recommend optimal responses. This reduces reaction time and operator workload, while maintaining a human-in-the-loop to ensure decisions align with operational and legal requirements.
BATS adopts a layered defense approach, integrating electronic jamming, GPS spoofing, and physical interception. The system selects the most effective and cost-efficient response based on threat type and environment, enabling sustainable defense against large numbers of low-cost threats.
Its open architecture allows integration with existing air defense systems and command networks, and its modular design enables flexible deployment across fixed infrastructure, mobile units, and expeditionary operations.
This approach reflects lessons from recent conflicts, where threats now include commercial drones, FPV attack systems, swarms, decoys, and diverse data links—what BAE describes as the rise of hybrid UAS. Traditional single-interceptor solutions struggle in such environments, often facing dilemmas of detection, decision speed, and cost-effectiveness.
From a military perspective, BATS must prove itself in four areas: effective sensor fusion against low-altitude and low-signature targets; reliable classification without misidentification; integration of electronic warfare and kinetic effects under complex electromagnetic conditions; and seamless interoperability with existing defense systems.
Currently still in testing, BATS has yet to demonstrate full operational performance under complex, multi-threat conditions. However, its significance lies not in being a single breakthrough weapon, but in representing a shift in counter-drone strategy—using a software-defined core to integrate adaptable sensors and layered effectors, reducing reliance on costly interceptors against inexpensive threats. If successful, BATS could become a key reference model for base, airport, and critical infrastructure defense worldwide.